“三权分置”下的农地流转主体:激励约束、利益冲突与行动策略

农地"三权分置"让经营权独立出来上市流转,需要关注的是农地流转主体的最终行动策略。通过大量的实地调研与理论思辨发现,农地"三权分置"下的制度供给对流转双方的激励约束各不相同,双方基于不同利益考量就会出现利益冲突。面临这些利益冲突,农地流转双方也就有不同的行动策略。未来,制度供给要满足流转双方对确定性预期的需求,建立对流转主体双方具有约束力的制度:引导合作博弈、实行农地功能分区以及集体集中成片流转经营权等。     

THE EFFECTS OF NEWS WHEN LIQUIDITY MATTERS

We analyze the impact of news (information shocks) in economies where liquidity matters, including those with endogenous credit limits, and those with assets serving as collateral or media of exchange. Although we also consider news about productivity and credit conditions, a leading case concerns monetary policy announcements. Real or monetary news has big effects on markets, potentially causing cyclic or boom–bust responses, even though we focus on the unique transition consistent with stationarity after shocks. In particular, policy announcements may induce instead of reduce volatility. We also discuss the implications for the inflation puzzle, forward-guidance puzzle, and other apparent anomalies.     

高速铁路可变编组列车开行计划优化

目前,我国高速铁路列车一般采用固定编组形式,动车组运用效率较低,而未来可变编组列车投入使用后,运营组织方式将发生很大变化,需要优化列车开行计划以充分发挥可变编组列车的优势。研究可变编组列车在各技术区段的编组内容和组合拆解计划,以动车组开行成本最小和组合拆解作业时间最短为优化目标,构建可变编组列车开行计划优化模型,设计分支定界算法求解。以京沪高速铁路进行案例分析,结果表明:相比同等条件下固定编组模式,优化的可变编组列车开行计划可以提高列车客座利用率。     

专利制度在高校科技成果转化中的运行机理及改革路径

一直以来，高校科技成果转化问题都是社会热点且亟待解决。权属分配是政府引导转化工作的突破点，而权属分配又与专利制度紧密相关。“拜杜法案”以美国专利法修正案形式发挥着促进成果转化的作用，也同样暗示了专利制度对成果转化的重要性和特殊性。现阶段，确有必要探讨成果转化激励失效与专利制度的关联性，分析专利制度在高校科技成果转化中的运行机理及决定性作用，并结合我国部分地区改革实践经验与相关法学理论观点，论证高校职务科技成果赋权改革的合理性。同时，对赋权改革如何疏通高校科技成果转化堵点进行分析，结合《赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点实施方案》，展望专利制度变革及相关规则体系建设的前景与方向。     

Who benefits from partial tax coordination?

In this paper, we investigate whether partial tax coordination is beneficial to countries within and outside a tax union, in which countries are supposed to compete in taxes and infrastructure. Our results demonstrate that a subgroup of countries agreeing on a common tax rate can harm both member and nonmember states. This is in contrast to the classical findings that partial tax harmonisation is Pareto improving. When a minimum tax rate is imposed within a tax union, we demonstrate that it does not necessarily improve the welfare of the member countries. Moreover, both the high‐tax and low‐tax countries can be worse off. This conclusion is at odds with the classical result that a high‐tax country benefits from the imposition of a lower tax bound.     

State of the art in business analytics: themes and collaborations

In this study, we illustrate the most recent stage in the scholarly development of the field of Business Analytics. Using around 23,000 research publications collected from the Web of Science, we network-analyzed four types of dataset that include keywords, titles, institutions, and countries. It is noteworthy that we found a thematic cluster focusing on analytical techniques and tools, particular with the rapid dissemination of “big data”-related studies. It is not surprising that universities and institutions in advanced countries in the West still occupy the central position of the collaboration network. However, we can discern a global shift toward certain developing and transitional economies in the world science base.     

金融科技对传统银行行为的影响——基于互联网理财的视角

本文使用2011-2015年263家银行的年报数据和北京大学数字金融研究中心基于蚂蚁金服用户数据构建的地市级数字金融普惠指数,探究金融科技的发展对银行行为的影响。研究发现金融科技的发展实质上推动了一种变相的利率市场化,改变了银行的负债端结构,使得银行负债端越来越依赖于同业拆借等批发性资金。负债端结构的改变导致银行资产端风险承担偏好上升,但是借贷利率和净息差都有所下降。即银行选择了更高风险的资产来弥补负债端成本上升所造成的损失,但并没有将成本向下游企业转移。此外,本文还发现规模越大的银行受到金融科技的冲击越小。     

京津冀生态涵养区生态与产业协调发展影响因素分析

[目的]京津冀协同发展国家重大战略将冀北地区的发展确定为承担生态保障与水源涵养功能,文章基于长期以来该区域生态脆弱、经济落后的特征,研究了该生态涵养区生态与产业协调发展的影响因素,目的是为该区域生态建设与产业经济协调发展提供参考。[方法]设置了影响生态建设与产业经济协调发展的规模因素、经济因素、社会因素与政策因素四大类37个影响因素,借助于统计数据,在对数据进行标准化处理的基础上,应用计量经济模型,通过因子分析法将各个因素进行分类归纳为5个公因子,利用SPSS软件回归模拟结果显示各个因素对生态建设与产业经济协调发展的影响作用。[结果]将四大类通过因子分析法的主成分分析,应用计量经济模型模拟,拟合优度较高,影响因素通过分组具有较强的解释力,结果能够很好地反映这些影响因素对生态建设与产业经济协调发展的影响方向与影响程度。[结论]依据定性分析假设与计量模拟分析结果,针对存在的问题与发展机遇,提出对策建议:继续加强生态建设项目的推进、适度扩大产业经营规模、加大生态建设与产业发展投资力度、实施资源节约型生产创新模式以及健全和完善生态与经济协调发展制度。